The Impact of Aprotinin on Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patency

¹ From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Deborah Heart and Lung Center, Browns Mills, NJ; and University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ.

Study design: Aprotinin has recently been shown to reduce postoperative bleeding and transfusion requirements associated with coronary artery bypass grafting. One concern with its use, however, is that it may have a deleterious effect on graft patency because it promotes hemostasis. Forty-seven patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were enrolled in a prospective, randomized double-blind trial of aprotinin to determine the effect of this agent on postoperative bleeding, transfusion requirements, renal function, and graft patency. The study group was comprised of the 32 patients who underwent technically adequate ultrafast CT scans 6 to 8 weeks postoperatively to determine graft patency. Sixteen patients received aprotinin (aprotinin group) and 16 received placebo (control group).

Results: Demographic and operative descriptors were comparable between groups. Postoperative mediastinal and chest tube drainage in the aprotinin group was significantly less than that in the control group (722 vs 1,540 mL; p=0.0006) and the mean blood transfusion requirements were less, but this did not reach significance (125 vs 297 mL; p=0.42). Analysis of graft patency by patients revealed that 5 patients in the aprotinin group (31%) had at least one occluded graft, while none of the patients in the control group had an occluded graft (p=0.04). Analysis by graft revealed that 38 of 43 grafts placed in the aprotinin group were patent, while all 38 grafts placed in the placebo group were patent (88.4 vs 100%; p=0.057). There was no difference in the incidence of myocardial infarction, renal dysfunction or hematologic indexes at discharge between the groups, or evidence of other thrombotic complications.

Conclusion: We conclude that high-dose aprotinin is effective in reducing hemorrhage after coronary artery bypass grafting. However, its routine use should be approached cautiously due to its possible adverse effects on graft patency.

Key Words: aprotinin • bypass graft patency • cardiac surgery • coronary artery bypass grafting • postoperative blood loss • ultrafast cine computed tomography

Submitted on February 14, 1994
Accepted on May 12, 2007

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Kalkat, A. Levine, and J. Dunning Does use of aprotinin in coronary artery bypass graft surgery affect graft patency? Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery, March 1, 2004; 3(1): 124 - 128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Deng, K. Byth, and H. S Paterson Age and Left Ventricular Impairment Predict Reopening for Bleeding Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, June 1, 2003; 11(2): 147 - 152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Salenger, J. S. Gammie, and T. J. Vander Salm Postoperative Care of Cardiac Surgical Patients Card. Surg. Adult, January 1, 2003; 2(2003): 439 - 469. [Full Text]

				J. J. Munoz, N. J. O. Birkmeyer, J. D. Birkmeyer, G. T. O'Connor, and L. J. Dacey Is {epsilon}-Aminocaproic Acid as Effective as Aprotinin in Reducing Bleeding With Cardiac Surgery? : A Meta-Analysis Circulation, January 12, 1999; 99(1): 81 - 89. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. J. Vander Salm, S. Kaur, R. A. Lancey, O. N. Okike, A. T. Pezzella, R. F. Stahl, L. Leone, J.-M. Li, C. R. Valeri, and A. D. Michelson REDUCTION OF BLEEDING AFTER HEART OPERATIONS THROUGH THE PROPHYLACTIC USE OF EPSILON-AMINOCAPROIC ACID J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 1996; 112(4): 1098 - 1107. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. J. Moulton, L. L. Creswell, M. E. Mackey, J. L. Cox, and M. Rosenbloom REEXPLORATION FOR BLEEDING IS A RISK FACTOR FOR ADVERSE OUTCOMES AFTER CARDIAC OPERATIONS J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., May 1, 1996; 111(5): 1037 - 1046. [Abstract] [Full Text]