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1 From the Gage Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
2 From the Ontario Ministry of Labour, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Study objectives: (1) To compare patients with claims submitted to the Ontario Workers' Compensation Board (WCB) for occupational asthma, in relation to the WCB decisions reached of occupational asthma (OA); aggravation of asthma from irritant exposures (AA); unrelated asthma; no asthma; and (2) to assess determinants of outcome of WCB accepted claims at permanent disability assessments.
Design: A retrospective review of 609 claims submitted to the WCB 1984 to 1988.
Results: The WCB decision reached was OA in 39% of claims, mostly attributed to isocyanates (57% of these). A further 39% were accepted for AA. Exposure to a known sensitizer occurred in 91% with OA and to an irritant in 67% with AA. Forty percent with AA were attributed to a spill or accidental exposure and 68% had preceding asthma. Those with AA were more likely to have clearing of symptoms by the time of their main assessment (43% vs 20% with OA) and were more likely to have remained in the same work (35% vs 20% with OA). Of 200 OA accepted claims reviewed at a mean of 1.9 years later, clearing of asthma occurred in 19% and milder asthma in 47%. Outcome was best with early diagnosis (p<0.05), and milder impairment of pulmonary function at initial assessment (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Patients with asthma induced by a workplace sensitizer demonstrate some differences from those related to workplace irritants. Accurate categorization and early removal of those with OA offers the best prognosis.
Key Words: occupational asthma • compensation • asthma • outcome
Submitted on November 24, 1993
Accepted on August 16, 1994
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