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1 From the Infection Control Unit, University of Alberta Hospitals, and the Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
2 From the Infection Control Unit, University of Alberta Hospitals, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Study object: To describe the epidemiology, microbiology, and outcome of nosocomial pneumonia with secondary bloodstream infection.
Design: Prospective cohort study.
Setting: Tertiary care Canadian teaching hospital.
Patients: Inpatients.
Measurement: All inpatient blood cultures were concurrently monitored over an 89 month period. Following chart review, patients experiencing nosocomial bloodstream infection due to pneumonia were identified. A standardized definition of pneumonia was used.
Results: One hundred forty-nine episodes occurred in 145 patients, 0.66/1,000 hospital admissions, 8.4% of all nosocomial bloodstream infections. No change in rate occurred in the study period. Fifty-four percent of episodes developed in one of seven ICUs. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently identified etiologic organism (27%). The ICU and non-ICU cases did not differ in etiology. No organism became more prevalent during the study period. Twenty percent of patients died within 1 week of first positive culture; episodes associated with Pseudomonas species had a much higher mortality rate (45%) than other infections (14%) (p=0.002). The ICU and non-ICU infections had a similar mortality rate.
Conclusion: Pneumonia is an important cause of nosocomial bloodstream infection, but it is not increasing in frequency or changing in etiology in our institution. The ICUs are a major contributor to this problem but have the same case short-term mortality rate and microbial etiology as non-ICU cases. Cases associated with Pseudomonas have a much higher mortality rate.
Key Words: bacteremia • nosocomial • pneumonia
Submitted on October 3, 1994
Accepted on January 3, 1995
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