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1 From the Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn.
2 From the Department Cardiothoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn.
Study objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET) using F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in differentiating benign from malignant pulmonary lesions both in patients with and without a history of prior malignancy.
Design: Forty-eight consecutive patients with pulmonary lesions suspicious for malignancy underwent FDG-PET scanning. Group 1 included 27 patients without and group 2 included 21 patients with a history of malignancy. Pathologic proof of diagnosis was obtained for 32 patients and 16 patients were followed up clinically and radiographically for at least 6 months. The standard uptake ratio (SUR) and the lesion to background (L/B) ratio were determined in 45 patients.
Setting: Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
Results: In group 1, the average SUR and L/B ratio for malignant lesions (n=14) were 8.9±4.9 and 20.6±14.2, respectively. For benign lesions (n=12), the average SUR was 3.3±3.2 and L/B ratio was 5.2±5.5. In group 2, the average SUR and L/B ratio for malignant lesions were not significantly different from group 1. Using either a SUR greater than 2.5 or L/B ratio greater than 5 as an cutoff level to differentiate benign and malignant lesions, the sensitivity and negative predictive value in both groups were 100%. There were five false-positive studies in group 1 and one in group 2, including tuberculosis (n=2), a granulomatous lesion (n=1), an inflammatory lesion (n=1), a schwannoma (n=1), and a fibrous mesothelioma (n=1). The overall accuracy was 88%, 81% in group 1, and 95% in group 2.
Conclusion: FDG-PET can identify malignant pulmonary lesions both in patients without and with a history of prior malignancy with a high sensitivity and negative predictive value for lesions greater than 1 cm (100% in this study). High FDG uptake by some inflammatory processes and benign tumors may cause false-positive results. Semiquantitative evaluation using SUR or L/B ratio provides similar accuracy.
Key Words: emission CT • fluorine • glucose • metabolism • lung • neoplasms
Submitted on July 6, 1995
Accepted on November 15, 2007
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