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(Chest. 1999;115:1390-1396.)
© 1999 American College of Chest Physicians

Persistent Gastric Intramucosal Ischemia in Patients With Sepsis Following Resuscitation From Shock*

Lavi Oud, MD and Marilyn T. Haupt, MD, FCCP{dagger}

* From the Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.

Correspondence to: Marilyn T. Haupt, MD, FCCP, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code UHS-8Q, Portland, OR 97201-3098; e-mail: hauptm{at}ohsu.edu

Study objectives: (1) To determine the effects of resuscitation of patients with severe sepsis to conventional hemodynamic end points and normal blood lactate levels on postresuscitation sequential assessments of gastric intramucosal pH (pHi). (2) To determine whether trends in pHi are reflected in trends in systemic hemodynamic, oxygen utilization, and acid-base assessments.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Medical ICU in an inner-city, university-based medical center.

Patients: Twelve recently admitted patients with severe sepsis and signs of circulatory shock who were successfully resuscitated to normal hemodynamic end points and lactate levels and who were also monitored with pulmonary artery catheters and gastric tonometers.

Interventions: Because of the observational nature of this study, no specific interventions were employed. The physician staff administered IV fluids and pharmacologic agents, during and after the resuscitative period, to treat infection and to achieve and maintain hemodynamic stability. Mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen were provided as needed. The hemodynamic and physiologic monitoring employed was determined by the managing physicians and established medical ICU routines.

Measurements and results: A total of 12 patients were studied. Systemic hemodynamic, oxygen utilization, and acid-base assessments and pHi were recorded following resuscitation, and every 12 h thereafter. pHi decreased from 7.33 ± 0.08 (mean ± SD) following resuscitation to 7.26 ± 0.04 at 24 h, 7.20 ± 0.07 at 36 h (p < 0.05), and 7.24 ± 0.08 at 48 h. Corresponding statistically significant and clinically relevant changes in systemic hemodynamic, oxygen utilization, and acid-base variables were not observed. The hospital mortality of this patient group was high (10 of 12; 83%).

Conclusions: Gastric intramucosal acidosis develops and persists for at least 48 h in patients resuscitated from septic shock to conventional resuscitative end points, including the normalization of lactate levels. These regional changes were not reflected in corresponding changes in systemic acid-base and oxygen utilization variables. Direct determinations of pHi and therapy directed toward the resolution of splanchnic ischemia may be required to improve the outcome in these patients.

Key Words: blood pressure • carbon dioxide • critical illness • gastric mucosa • hemodynamics • pH • resuscitation • septic shock • tonometry






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