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Effect of Music on State Anxiety Scores in Patients Undergoing Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy^*

^* From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, UCSD Medical Center-Thornton Hospital, La Jolla, CA.

Correspondence to: Henri G. Colt, MD, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, UCSD Medical Center-Thornton Hospital, 9310 Campus Point Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037-0975

Objective: To study the effect of music on state anxiety levels in patients undergoing flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB).

Design: Randomized clinical trial using pretests, posttests, and two groups.

Setting: Pulmonary special-procedures unit of a tertiary-care referral center.

Patients: Sixty adult patients: 30 patients received music during bronchoscopy and 30 control subjects received no music.

Results: The study population had baseline state anxiety levels similar to those previously reported in surgical patients (42.6 ± 13 vs 42.7 ± 14; p value, not significant [NS]) and higher than those reported in normal working adults (42.6 ± 13 vs 34.4 ± 10; p < 0.001). Experimental and control groups were similar in patient and procedure-related characteristics and baseline pre-FFB state and trait anxiety scores. Although trait anxiety scores decreased significantly after the procedure (pooled post-FFB scores of 32.6 ± 10 vs pre-FFB scores of 35.5 ± 11; p < 0.001), no reductions were noted in state anxiety (pooled post-FFB scores of 42.8 ± 13 vs pre-FFB scores of 42.6 ± 13; p value, NS). More importantly, playing music through headphones during FFB did not result in a statistically or clinically significant reduction in either state or trait anxiety when compared to control subjects.

Conclusion: Relaxation music administered through headphones to patients during flexible bronchoscopy does not decrease procedure-related state anxiety.

Key Words: anxiety • flexible bronchoscopy • music therapy • state-trait anxiety

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