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Cardiac Rhythm Disturbances in the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome^*

Effects of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy

^* From the Department of Respiratory Medicine and the Respiratory Sleep Laboratory, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Correspondence to: Walter T. McNicholas, MD, FCCP, Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland; e-mail: wmcnicho{at}svherc.ucd.ie

Study objectives: A high incidence of nocturnal cardiac rhythm disturbances among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome has been described in some reports, but not in others. We wished to examine the prevalence of significant cardiac rhythm disturbance in patients with established moderate to severe OSA syndrome and, in particular, to assess the impact of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) therapy.

Design and setting: A prospective study of consecutive eligible patients in a dedicated sleep disorders unit of a university teaching hospital.

Measurements and results: Holter monitoring was performed for 18 h in 45 patients with previously diagnosed OSA syndrome (mean [SD] apnea/hypopnea frequency [AHI] of 50 [23]/h) and repeated within 2 to 3 days after institution of nCPAP therapy. Investigators were blinded to the patients’ treatments during data analysis. Thirty-five patients were found to have some cardiac rhythm disturbance, but only 8 had pathologically significant disturbances (ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, complex ventricular ectopy, new-onset supraventricular tachycardia other than sinus tachycardia, pauses of > 2 s, and second- or third-degree heart block). Significant rhythm disturbances occurred only during the nighttime, and there was a significant correlation between OSA severity and the severity of rhythm disturbance (p = 0.04, r = 0.301). No significant correlation was found between OSA severity and any other anthropometric parameter measured. nCPAP therapy resulted in abolition of rhythm disturbance in seven of these eight patients; the eighth patient was found to have coexisting severe aortic valve disease requiring valve replacement.

Conclusion: The data indicate that OSA syndrome predisposes to clinically significant cardiac rhythm disturbances that can be successfully controlled by nCPAP therapy.

Key Words: arrhythmia • CPAP • sleep apnea

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