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(Chest. 2004;126:915-925.)
© 2004 American College of Chest Physicians

Long-term Complications of Congenital Esophageal Atresia and/or Tracheoesophageal Fistula*

Thomas Kovesi, MD and Steven Rubin, MB

* From the Pediatric Respirology Service, Department of Pediatrics (Dr. Kovesi), and Division of Pediatric Surgery (Dr. Rubin), Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Correspondence to: Thomas Kovesi, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8L1; e-mail: kovesi{at}cheo.on.ca

Congenital esophageal atresia (EA) and/or tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) are common congenital anomalies. Respiratory and GI complications occur frequently, and may persist lifelong. Late complications of EA/TEF include tracheomalacia, a recurrence of the TEF, esophageal stricture, and gastroesophageal reflux. These complications may lead to a brassy or honking-type cough, dysphagia, recurrent pneumonia, obstructive and restrictive ventilatory defects, and airway hyperreactivity. Aspiration should be excluded in children and adults with a history of EA/TEF who present with respiratory symptoms and/or recurrent lower respiratory infections, to prevent chronic pulmonary disease.

Key Words: aspiration • congenital defects • gastroesophageal reflux • pneumonia • tracheoesophageal fistula






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