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(Chest. 2005;127:2113-2118.)
© 2005 American College of Chest Physicians

Bronchoscopy-Guided Topical Hemostatic Tamponade Therapy for the Management of Life-Threatening Hemoptysis*

Arschang Valipour, MD; Alois Kreuzer, MD; Hubert Koller, MD; Wolfgang Koessler, MD and Otto Chris Burghuber, MD, FCCP

* From the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and the Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for COPD, Otto-Wagner-Hospital, Vienna, Austria.

Correspondence to: Arschang Valipour, MD, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Otto-Wagner-Spital, Sanatoriumsstr. 2, 1140 Wien, Vienna, Austria; e-mail: arschang.valipour{at}wienkav.at

Study objectives: Massive hemoptysis is a life-threatening condition. Therapeutic strategies such as interventional angiography, surgery, and/or bronchoscopy have been applied in the clinical setting with variable results. We investigated the efficacy of bronchoscopy-guided topical hemostatic tamponade therapy (THT) using oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) mesh in the management of life-threatening hemoptysis.

Design: Seventy-six consecutive patients underwent emergency bronchoscopy for massive hemoptysis. Fifty-seven patients (75%) had persistent endobronchial bleeding despite bronchoscopic wedging technique, cold saline solution lavage, and instillation of regional vasoconstrictors. These patients subsequently underwent THT according to the same procedure.

Setting: Teaching hospital, bronchoscopy unit of a 300-bed tertiary pulmonary referral center.

Results: THT with ORC was successfully performed on 56 of 57 patients (98%) with an immediate arrest of hemoptysis. All patients successfully treated with THT remained free of hemoptysis for the first 48 h. None required intensive care support or immediate surgery. Mean procedure time (± SD) of THT was 11.5 ± 4.2 min. Recurrence of hemoptysis that was characterized as being mild (< 30 mL) to moderate (30 to 100 mL) developed in six patients (10.5%) 3 to 6 days after THT. Postobstructive pneumonia developed in five subjects (9%) after endoscopic THT. A subgroup of patients (n = 14) underwent bronchoscopic follow-up 4 weeks after discharge. The ORC mesh was absorbed in all of these patients without signs of foreign body reaction.

Conclusions: Endobronchial THT using ORC is a safe and practicable technique in the management of life-threatening hemoptysis with a high success and a relatively low complication rate.

Key Words: bronchoscopy • hemoptysis • hemostatic therapy • oxidized regenerated cellulose • tamponade






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