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The Role of Computer Games in Measuring Spirometry in Healthy and "Asthmatic" Preschool Children^*

^* From the Pediatric Pulmonary Unit (Drs. Vilozni, Barak, Efrati, Augarten, and Yahav), Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, and the Sackler Medical School, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Institute of Pulmonology (Dr. Springer), Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem; and Pediatric Pulmonary Unit (Dr. Bentur), Meyer Children’s Hospital, Rambam Medical Center and the Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.

Correspondence to: Daphna Vilozni, PhD, Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Ramat-Gan 52625, Israel; e-mail: avi_vil{at}bezeqint.net

Study objectives: To explore the role of respiratory interactive computer games in teaching spirometry to preschool children, and to examine whether the spirometry data achieved are compatible with acceptable criteria for adults and with published data for healthy preschool children, and whether spirometry at this age can assess airway obstruction.

Design: Feasibility study.

Settings: Community kindergartens around Israel and a tertiary pediatric pulmonary clinic.

Participants: Healthy and asthmatic preschool children (age range, 2.0 to 6.5 years).

Intervention: Multitarget interactive spirometry games including three targets: full inspiration before expiration, instant forced expiration, and long expiration to residual volume.

Measurements and results: One hundred nine healthy and 157 asthmatic children succeeded in performing adequate spirometry using a multitarget interactive spirometry game. American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society spirometry criteria for adults for the start of the test, and repeatability were met. Expiration time increased with age (1.3 ± 0.3 s at 3 years to 1.9 ± 0.3 s at 6 years [± SD], p < 0.05). FVC and flow rates increased with age, while FEV₁/FVC decreased. Healthy children had FVC and FEV₁ values similar to those of previous preschool studies, but flows were significantly higher (> 1.5 SD for forced expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity [FEF₅₀] and forced expiratory flow at 75% of vital capacity [FEF₇₅], p < 0.005). The descending part of the flow/volume curve was convex in 2.5- to 3.5-year-old patients, resembling that of infants, while in 5- to 6-year-old patients, there was linear decay. Asthma severity by Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines correlated with longer expiration time (1.7 ± 0.4 s; p < 0.03) and lower FEF₅₀ (32 to 63%; p < 0.001) compared to healthy children. Bronchodilators improved FEV₁ by 10 to 13% and FEF₅₀ by 38 to 56% of baseline.

Conclusions: Interactive respiratory games can facilitate spirometry in very young children, yielding results that conform to most of the ATS criteria established for adults and published data for healthy preschool children. Spirometric indexes correlated with degree of asthma severity.

Key Words: asthma • preschool children • respiratory interactive computer games • spirometry

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. Vilozni, L. Bentur, O. Efrati, A. Barak, A. Szeinberg, D. Shoseyov, Y. Yahav, and A. Augarten Exercise Challenge Test in 3- to 6-Year-Old Asthmatic Children Chest, August 1, 2007; 132(2): 497 - 503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]