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doi:10.1378/chest.06-1624
(Chest. 2007; 131:750-757)
© 2007 American College of Chest Physicians
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Smoothed Periodogram of Oxyhemoglobin Saturation by Pulse Oximetry in Sleep Apnea Syndrome*

An Automated Analysis

Chung-Ching Hua, MD and Chung-Chieh Yu, MD

* From Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Republic of China.

Correspondence to: Chung-Ching Hua, MD, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, 222 MaiChi Rd, Keelung 204, Taiwan, Republic of China; e-mail: hc2008{at}adm.cgmh.org.tw

Abstract

Background: Variability of oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) during sleep has been utilized as a diagnostic index for sleep apnea. Spectral analysis with its graphical presentation, the periodogram, is an approach for measuring such variability. This work examined the parameters on a smoothed periodogram created from series data for SpO2 obtained by pulse oximetry during a sleep study.

Design and results: SpO2 was recorded during polysomnography study of 273 subjects. Clinical data of subjects were collected retrospectively. A novel automated algorithm was created to measure the low-frequency (< 0.1 Hz) peak and the slope of spectral density vs frequency in the frequency region of 0.1 to 0.5 Hz (slope0.1–0.5). Two successive modified Daniell smoothers with span lengths of 3 to 121 in odd numbers were applied to determine the effect of smoothing on these parameters. slope0.1–0.5 was least affected by smoothing and had a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 80% in diagnosing sleep apnea defined by a value of apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 5. Combining slope0.1–0.5 with parameters of the low-frequency peak enlarged the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. A composite indicator comprised of slope0.1–0.5 and ratio of the area under the curve of the low-frequency peak to that of whole periodogram (AUCratio) had a positive likelihood ratio of 15.25 in identifying patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea. The algorithm was validated in another 206 patients undergoing polysomnographic studies.

Conclusions: These analytical results demonstrate that the smoothed periodogram of SpO2 is a useful tool for screening subjects with sleep apnea.

Key Words: apnea hypopnea index • pulse oximetry • sleep apnea • smoothed periodogram • spectral analysis






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Copyright © 2007 by the American College of Chest Physicians.