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doi:10.1378/chest.06-1680
(Chest. 2007; 131:850-855)
© 2007 American College of Chest Physicians
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Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Is Increased in Pulmonary Capillary Hemangiomatosis*

Adel M. Assaad, MD; Steven M. Kawut, MD, MS, FCCP; Selim M. Arcasoy, MD, FCCP; Erika B. Rosenzweig, MD; Jessie S. Wilt, MD; Joshua R. Sonett, MD and Alain C. Borczuk, MD

* From the Departments of Pathology (Drs. Assaad and Borczuk), Medicine (Drs. Kawut, Arcasoy, and Wilt), Pediatrics (Dr. Rosenzweig), and Surgery (Dr. Sonett), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.

Correspondence to: Alain C. Borczuk, MD, Department of Pathology, Division of Surgical Pathology, 630 West 168th St, VC14–215, New York, NY, 10032; e-mail: ab748{at}columbia.edu

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) is a rare cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension with no effective medical therapy and a high risk of mortality. The pathogenesis of PCH is unknown.

Methods: We used gene expression analysis to compare lung tissue samples from two patients with PCH to those from seven control subjects. The nodules of proliferating capillaries in PCH patients were needle microdissected from cryostat sections. RNA extraction and labeling were followed by hybridization to U95Av2 oligonucleotide arrays (Affymetrix; Santa Clara, CA). In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were also performed.

Results: The gene expression profile of PCH allowed for unsupervised clustering from the profile of the lung tissue samples of control subjects. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B gene (PDGFB), PDGF receptor (PDGFR)-ß gene (PDGFR-ß), mast cell-related genes, and type 2 pneumocyte-related genes were found to be overexpressed in PCH lesions. In situ hybridization as well as immunohistochemistry for PDGFB showed expression by type 2 pneumocytes and endothelial cells. Immunohistochemical staining for PDGFR-ß localized to pericytic/vascular smooth muscle cells surrounding the proliferating capillaries. CD117 staining confirmed an abundance of mast cells in the lesions, which also stained heavily for PDGFR-ß.

Conclusions: The expression of the PDGFB and PDGFR-ß genes characterizes the nodular proliferations of PCH. Increased numbers of mast cells, pericytes, and type II pneumocytes accompany the endothelial proliferation. The up-regulation of these important angiogenic and antiapoptotic genes suggests a mechanism and potential therapeutic approaches for PCH.

Key Words: gene expression profiling • platelet-derived growth factor • pulmonary hypertension • receptor






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