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First published online on July 23, 2007
Chest, doi:10.1378/chest.07-0128
doi:10.1378/chest.07-0128
(Chest. 2007; 132:1291-1297)
© 2007 American College of Chest Physicians
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Expansion of Pulmonary CD8+CD56+ Natural Killer T-Cells in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis*

Peter Korosec, PhD; Katarina Osolnik, MD; Izidor Kern, MD; Mira Silar, BSc; Katja Mohorcic, MD and Mitja Kosnik, PhD, MD

* From the University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia.

Correspondence to: Peter Korosec, PhD, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia; e-mail: peter.korosec{at}klinika-golnik.si

Abstract

Background: Natural killer T (NKT) cells, a newly identified subgroup of T cells with immunoregulatory function, may be implicated in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Methods: We used multiparameter flow cytometry with antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19, CD45, CD16/56, CD56, CD161, and V{alpha}24 invariant T-cell receptor (TCR) in BAL fluid (BALF) to examine the frequency and distribution of pulmonary NKT cells in several cases of ILD. We included 57 patients with sarcoidosis and 17 patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Results: We found significantly higher frequencies of pulmonary NKT cells in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis in comparison to the other study patients with ILD (median proportion of NKT cells, 11%; range, 3 to 38%; vs 3%; range, 0 to 16%; p < 0.0001). In contrast, there was no difference in the proportion of conventional natural killer cells. We found that a major subset of NKT cells in the BALF of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis was a CD8+CD56+ population that did not express the invariant TCR.

Conclusions: These results suggest the involvement of NKT cells in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Key Words: interstitial lung diseases • hypersensitivity pneumonitis • natural killer T cells






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