Chest ACCP Member Benefits
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

Guest Access | Sign In via User Name/Password
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF) Free
Right arrow Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Article Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Guyatt, G. H.
Right arrow Articles by Newhouse, M. T.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Guyatt, G. H.
Right arrow Articles by Newhouse, M. T.

Chest, Vol 88, 445-451, Copyright © 1985 by American College of Chest Physicians

ARTICLES

Are active and passive smoking harmful? Determining causation

GH Guyatt and MT Newhouse

Assessing the evidence regarding any causal question involves examining the strength of the studies conducted and applying a series of "diagnostic tests" for causation. We have reviewed the strength of the evidence incriminating smoking as a cause of lung cancer, and passive smoking as a cause of respiratory illness and decreased pulmonary function in children. There are eight prospective studies of smoking and lung cancer which have consistently shown a strong relationship. These studies have confirmed the temporality of the association and demonstrated a dose-response gradient. The studies addressing the effects of passive smoking in children are considerably weaker. Although they are consistent in suggesting increased infections for children less than one year of age, neither increased risk nor a dose- response gradient is consistently found in older children and the effect size, when present, is small. The rules for assessing causation applied here can be used to integrate new information concerning the health hazards of smoking.


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 RadiologyHome page
H. MacMahon, J. H. M. Austin, G. Gamsu, C. J. Herold, J. R. Jett, D. P. Naidich, E. F. Patz Jr, and S. J. Swensen
Guidelines for Management of Small Pulmonary Nodules Detected on CT Scans: A Statement from the Fleischner Society
Radiology, November 1, 2005; 237(2): 395 - 400.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 1985 by the American College of Chest Physicians.