| Study/Year/Study Type |
Total Patients/ Patients per Group, No. |
Lost to Follow-up, No. (Time) |
Age Range |
Drug/Device (Dose) |
Pulmonary Function |
Vital Signs and Symptoms |
Side Effects |
Concomitant Care |
Other Measures |
|
| Pediatric ER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ploin et al40/2000/type 1 |
64/(32/31) |
4 |
MDI: 12–51 mo (24.8 mo) |
Albuterol/MDI + Babyhaler spacer (0.05 mg/kg) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NEB: 11–56 mo (25.5 mo) |
Pulmonary index score (p = 09.27) |
Preference for MDI + spacer > NEB (p = 0.05) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Rubilar et al42/2000/type 1 |
132 |
9 |
MDI: 7.2 ± 4.7 mo |
Albuterol/MDI + Aerocell spacer (0.2 mg q10 min) |
|
Respiratory rate nebulizer with MDI + spacer (p = 0.01) clinical score (NS) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NEB: 8.5 ± 5.4 mo |
Hudson Updraft II nebulizer (0.25 mg/kg q13 min) |
|
|
|
|
| Schuh et al43/1999/type 1 |
90/(30/30/30) |
16 (5–17 yr) |
5–17 yr (9.1) |
Albuterol/MDI + AeroChamber spacer:GpI (< 25 kg 0.6 mg; 25–34 kg 0.8 mg; > 34 kg 1 mg: GpII 0.2 mg) |
FEV1 % pred (NS) |
Dyspnea score (NS) |
Heart rate NEB with MDI + spacer (p = 0.005) |
Accessory muscle score (NS) |
|
|
|
|
|
WhisperJet Nebulizer GpIII (0.15 mg/kg to max of 5 g) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Robertson et al41/1998/ type 1|| |
58/(155) |
(4–12 yr) |
4–12 yr |
Albuterol/< 25 kg: MDI + Volumatic spacer (0.6 mg) |
PF NEB > MDI + spacer (p < 0.005) (all patients) |
Asthma score better after NEB than MDI + spacer (p = 0.001) (all patients) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MDI: 6.9 ± 2.4 yr |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NEB: 7.0 ± 2.5 yr |
NEB (2.5 mg) > 25 kg: MDI + Volumatic spacer (1.2 mg) NEB (5.0 mg) |
|
|
|
|
| Williams et al44/1996/type 1 |
60 |
0 (6 yr) |
> 6 yr |
Albuterol/MDI + AeroChamber and |
PF % pred (NS) |
Respiratory rate (NS) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
AeroChamber: 9.2 ± 2.8 yr |
ACE spacer (0.36 mg q20 min) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ACE: 10.5 ± 31 yr |
NEB (2.5 mg q 30 min) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NEB: 11.5 ± 3.3 yr |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Lin and Hsieh39/1995/type 1 |
117 |
6 |
MDI: 5–16 yr (8.1 yr) |
Terbutaline/MDI + AeroChamber spacer (0.75 mg) |
FEV1 % pred |
Clinical severity score (NS) |
Pulse rate (NS) |
|
SaO2 |
|
|
|
|
|
MDI + spacer > NEB (p = 0.039); PF % pred |
|
|
|
MDI + spacer with NEB (p = 0.003) |
|
|
|
NEB: 5–15 yr (8.4 yr) |
NEB (2.5 mg) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MDI + spacer > Nebulizer (p = 0.002) FEF25–75% % pred (NS) |
|
|
|
| Chou et al38/1995/type 1 |
152 |
0 (2 yr) |
> 2 yr |
Albuterol/MDI + AeroChamber (0.3 mg) |
PF % pred (NS) |
Dyspnea score (NS) |
Vomiting in ED |
Minutes to mean treatment time MDI + spacer  NEB (p < 0.001) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MDI + spacer NEB (p < 0.05) heart rate increase MDI + spacer NEB (p < 0.001) |
|
|
|
|
|
NEB (0.15 mg/kg up to 5.0 mg) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No. of treatments NS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Admission rate NS |
|
| Pediatric ER and ICU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Batra et al37/1997/type 1 |
60 |
0 |
1–12 yr |
Albuterol/MDI + M/S CiPLA spacer (0.2 mg) |
|
Respiratory rate (NS) |
Heart rate (NS) |
|
SaO2 (NS) |
|
1–12 yr |
|
MDI: 44.1 ± 25.8 mo |
|
Dyspnea (NS) |
|
|
PO2 (NS) |
|
|
|
NEB: 51.2 ± 27.1 mo |
NEB (0.15 mg/kg) |
|
|
|
|
PCO2 (NS) |
