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Evidence for Vascular Remodeling in the Lungs of Macaques Infected With Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/HIV NEF Recombinant Virus^*

^* From the Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Pulmonary Hypertensive Center, and Webb-Waring Institute, UCDHSC, Denver, CO; and the California Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA.

Correspondence to: Norbert F. Voelkel, MD, Director, Pulmonary Hypertension Center, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East 9th Avenue, Denver, CO 80262; e-mail: norbert.voelkel{at}uchsc.edu

The emerging condition of HIV-related pulmonary hypertension produces histologic manifestations closely mimicking those seen in primary pulmonary hypertension, including abnormalities in the endothelial and smooth muscle cells, medial hypertrophy, concentric intimal proliferation, and nearly complete luminal obstruction. Macaques infected with recombinant chimeric simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/HIV (SHIV) constructs in which one or more SIV gene products are replaced with those from HIV represent a model of HIV immunodeficiency in which components of the human virus may be assessed for their potential contributions to pathologic conditions. We surveyed 24 animals from three different cohorts that were infected with various SIV and SHIV constructs, four of which were an SHIV recombinant virus containing the HIV nef gene. We observed examples of arteriopathy including medial hypertrophy, perivascular cuffing by inflammatory cells, thrombosis, and pulmonary vascular lesions with recanalized lumens exclusively in tissues from the SHIV nef animals. The characterization of these lesions with endothelial and smooth muscle-specific markers by immunohistochemistry revealed that the endothelial cell core of the lesion often stained intensely for platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-l (CD31) and von Willebrand factor (factor VIII), and the thickened media stained with a muscle-specific actin. We propose that the SHIV nef-infected macaque provides a novel primate model to explore the development and natural progression of HIV-related pulmonary hypertension and primary pulmonary hypertension.

	Footnotes

 
Abbreviations: SHIV = simian immunodeficiency virus/HIV; SIV = simian immunodeficiency virus

This Article Full Text (PDF) Free Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to My Personal Article Archive Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Marecki, J. Articles by Flores, S. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Marecki, J. Articles by Flores, S.